The team focuses on studying the effects of phytohormones and other natural compounds on various parameters related to stress, aging and age-related diseases. The candidate compounds are evaluated in both human primary cell cultures and Caenorhabditis elegans. The expected indications include skin aging, neurodegenerative diseases and sleeping disorders. In the fields of dermatology and cosmetics, we are interested in identification of compounds for the treatment of pigmentation disorders (melanogenesis assays) and psoriasis (keratinocyte differentiation assays). We are also developing cytoprotective compounds with the improved skin bioavailability. Bioinformatic and cheminformatic approaches are used to identify both candidate compounds and molecular targets.

Lab members: Jiří Voller (head), Alena Kadlecová, Václav Mik, Dominika Trofimenková, Tomáš Jirsa

The primary goal is the search for new biologically active metabolites or biomarkers in plants, fungi, bacteria and other organisms. Active compounds are identified by metabolomic and bioinformatic methods whose development is also a research interest of this group. This is represented by the development of computational tools and software for processing of LC-QTOF-MS data and identification of active metabolites. In cooperation with other groups, compounds with antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial and anthelmintik activities are investigated. A special interest is also paid to the effect of low molecular weight metabolites on the growth, development and reproduction of plants.

Lab members: Jiří Grúz (head), Klára Supíková, Kateřina Skořepová, Andrea Kosinová

Phosphorylation is a universal mechanism for regulating the structure, localization, activity and stability of proteins involved in virtually all cellular processes. It is estimated that 10-50% of proteins can be phosphorylated, often multiple times. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by enzymes called protein kinases and their changes can cause many diseases and disorders including cancers. Genes encoding protein kinases tend to be mutated, amplified and translocated, which in turn significantly alters cell behavior and contributes to tumor transformation. The understanding of these molecular changes has initiated the development of low molecular weight inhibitors of protein kinases, which can be used not only as tools in cell biology, but especially as drugs for cancer.

The development of protein kinase inhibitors as potential antitumor drugs is also taking place in our laboratory. We systematically design, prepare and study compounds based on purine and its isosteric heterocyclic systems, such as pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines, imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines or imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines. Some of our inhibitors show nanomolar activity in both cellular and murine models of cancer. We focus not only on usuall competitive inhibitors, but also on modern modulators of kinase stability based on targeted degradation by PROTAC technologies. The enzymes studied include, in particular, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the receptor kinases FLT3 and PDGFR.

Several protein kinase inhibitors are now commonly used as drugs, however, many oncological diseases still rely on conventional cytostatics, the use of which is accompanied by unpleasant side effects. Therefore, we consider this area of ​​research to be very attractive and the development of protein kinase inhibitors on less studied heterocyclic systems is one of our current research intentions.

Team members: Vladimír Kryštof (head), Eva Řezníčková, Radek Jorda, Tomáš Gucký, Denisa Hendrychová, Hana Dostálová, Markéta Kovalová, Miroslav Peřina, Veronika Vojáčková, Petra Krňávková

Currently, the incidence of many neurodegenerative diseases, including in particular Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is increasing. Current symptomatic treatment only provides relief of the symptoms of the disease. Within our group, we focus on the development of in vitro models, mainly Parkinson's disease, but also models involving aspects of the pathology of Huntington's or Alzheimer's disease on human neuronal and glial cell lines. Simultaneously with neurodegeneration, we also deal with models of neuroinflammation. We test compounds from various groups on the above-mentioned models, especially purines and azapurines, steroids including oxysterols, triterpenes, but also natural plant hormones or extracts. The active substances are analyzed for their effect on the production of superoxide radicals, activation of apoptosis or non-apoptotic death, mitochondrial membrane potential and the formation of mitochondrial pores of transient permeability. For the best substances, the mechanism of action is studied by pharmacological modulation of signaling pathways associated with nuclear receptors, adenosine or cannabinoid receptors and neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, the effect on proteins or enzymes associated with the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, glutamic acid and β-aminobutyric acid, with oxidative stress, mitochondria, but also with kinases (e.g. protein kinases A, B and C) is studied. An integral part of the study of neuroprotective effects of compounds is the analysis of changes in the concentration of amino acids, neurotransmitters and their metabolites as biomarkers of neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. Such an identified compounds, which show strong neuroprotective effects with minimal toxicity, could become new candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases after subsequent in vivo evaluation.

Lab members: Gabriel Gonzalez, Dita Jordová

We are searching for new natural compounds as a model for new generation of drugs derived from these substances. Biological activity of natural products and their derivatives in normal and cancer cells is studied. We are working with cytotoxic, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Mostly steroid compounds are investigated, such as brassinosteroids, triterpenes, cardenolides, saponins, betulines, androstanes, other steroids; further then alkaloids and plant extracts.

We are studying cytotoxic effect of our compounds and their synthetic analogues in human cancer and normal cells. Moreover, natural compounds can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis or influence the cell cycle. We are searching also for the mechanism of action in different cell types. In addition, we are developing assays with human steroid receptors (AR, ER, PR, GR, MR, VDR). Based on the results from molecular docking we are choosing compounds for additional biological testing according to best binding score.

Creation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis, is necessary for development of organs, but also for growing of solid tumours and metastasis. Antiangiogenic therapy covers inhibition of proteolytic enzymes cleaving extracellular matrix surrounding existing capillaries, inhibition of proliferation of endothelial cells, migration and induction of apoptosis of these cells. Effective antiangiogenic inhibitors blocking tumour growth could serve for new generation of anticancer drugs.

Treatment of inflammation-related disorders by natural products is still in high demand by pharmaceutical companies due to the lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs. The relative dearth of currently available anti-inflammatory drugs stimulates a search for new active substances. New active anti-inflammatory natural compounds or extracts could be find in plants, mushrooms, marine organisms, insect and its products. Newly isolated, identified or derivatized compounds are studied for their biological activity. Using correlation metabolomics we are able to find active compounds from extracts. Anti-inflammatory properties are deeply investigated for their mechanism of action and pharmacological activity. Natural products serve as huge pool for new potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Products coming from nature with anti-inflammatory activities could serve as a template for new derivatives based on this natural wealth.

Lab members: Lucie Rárová (head), Marie Kvasnicová, Tereza Štenclová, Anežka Šindlerová

The research group has a long-term interest in studying the function of proteins in vitro and in vivo, their structure and binding interactions with ligands (metabolites). The research is focused on two major thematic areas:

The first topic represents a superfamily of plant and human aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), which oxidize biogenic and xenobiotic aldehydes using NAD(P)+. Aldehydes are highly reactive compounds and they are generated during the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, biogenic amines, amino acids, steroids and lipids. ALDHs are generally considered as detoxifying enzymes by participating in the adaptive responses to abiotic stress and eliminating aldehydes. In recent years, we have characterized the plant families of ALDH2 (PDB ID: 4PXL, 4PZ2), ALDH7 (PDB ID: 4PXN), ALDH10 (PDB ID: 3IWK, 3IWJ, 4I8P, 4I9B, 4IQ8), ALDH12 (PDB ID: 6D97), and ALDH21 (PDB ID: 5MZ5, 5N5S, 5MZ8) as well as human ALDH7 and ALDH9 (PDB ID: 6QAK, 6QAO, 6QAP).

The second topic comprises enzymes and proteins involved in the metabolism and perception of plant hormones cytokinins, which regulate basic plant processes including cell division, development of meristems, stem, roots, seeds and senescence. These are families of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX, PDB ID: 4O95, 3S1C, 3S1D, 3S1E, 3S1F, 4MLA, 4ML8, 4OAL, 3KJM, 2QKN, 2QPM, 5HQX, 5HMR, 6YAO, 6YAQ, 6YAP), nucleoside-N-ribohydrolase (NRH, PDB ID: 4KPN, 4KPO), adenosine kinase (ADK), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), and histidine kinase receptors containing the CHASE domain. Modulation of cytokinin levels, through these enzymes, represents an opportunity to improve certain properties of agricultural crops (for example the grain yield or resistance to abiotic stress) in the future.

The research includes techniques for heterologous expression of the gene encoding the studied protein in E. coli, yeast or Arabidopsis thaliana, preparation of overexpressor or knockout lines in the moss Physcomitrella patens in collaboration with the University of Hamburg (Dr. Klaus von Schwartzenberg) or X-ray crystallography in collaboration with IJPB at INRA Versailles (Dr. Pierre Briozzo) and I2BC at the University of Paris-Saclay (Dr. Solange Moréra). In the case of enzymes, the kinetic parameters of substrates and inhibitors are analyzed; the binding parameters between protein and ligand are studied using small-scale thermophoresis (MST). Other techniques include qPCR methods to monitor changes in the gene expression, site-directed mutagenesis is used to study the binding- or active-site of protein, nano differential scanning fluorometry (nanoDSF) is linked to protein stability studies, and CD spectrometry is used to study secondary structures in proteins.

Lab members: David Kopečný (head), Martina Kopečná, Radka Končitíková, David Kopečný Jr., Jakub Bělíček